Next Generation Intelligent Optical Networks: From Access to Backbone

Optical networks have been in commercial deployment since the early 1980s as a result of advances in optical, photonic, and material technologies. Although the initial deployment was based on silica—ber with a single wavelength modulated at low data rates, it was quickly demonstrated that—ber can deliver much more bandwidth than any other transmission medium, twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, or wireless. Since then, the optical network evolved to include more exciting technologies, grating...