Table of Contents
Get More (Free) Content viii
Part I Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score 1
Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations 2
Your Guide to Using This Book 2
How to Begin 3
Part II Practice Test 1 7
Practice Test 1 11
Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations 45
Part III About the AP Statistics Exam 61
Structure of the AP Statistics Exam 62
Overview of Content Topics 63
How AP Exams Are Used 67
Other Resources 67
Designing Your Study Plan 68
On the Day of the Test 69
Part IV Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Statistics Exam 71
1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 73
2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions 77
3 How to Use Your Calculator 85
Part V Content Review for the AP Statistics Exam 97
4 Exploring Data 99
Observing Patterns and Departures from Patterns 100
Collecting Data 100
Tabular Methods 101
Graphical Methods for Qualitative Data 105
Graphical Methods for Quantitative Data 111
Exploring Univariate Data 124
Numerical Methods for Continuous Variables 124
Graphing Univariate Data 134
The Effect of Changing Units on Summary Measures 138
Comparing Distributions of Two or More Groups 140
Exploring Bivariate Data 144
Graphing Categorical Bivariate Data 145
Numerical Methods for Continuous Bivariate Data 147
Exploring Categorical Data: Frequency Tables 167
Visualizing Bivariate Categorical Data 167
Numerical Methods for Categorical Bivariate Data 169
Test Your Understanding 170
Chapter 4 Review Questions 171
Chapter 4 Answers and Explanations 174
Summary 177
5 Sampling and Experimentation 179
Planning a Study 180
Overview of Methods of Data Collection 180
Planning and Conducting Surveys 182
Bias in Surveys 186
Planning and Conducting Experiments 187
Test Your Understanding 196
Chapter 5 Review Questions 197
Chapter 5 Answers and Explanations 200
Summary 203
6 Anticipating Patterns 205
Probability 206
Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions 222
The Probability Distributions of Discrete Random Variables 223
The Probability Distributions of Continuous Random Variables 241
The Normal Distribution 242
Combining Independent Random Variables 252
Sampling Distributions 255
Test Your Understanding 258
Chapter 6 Review Questions 259
Chapter 6 Answers and Explanations 262
Summary 265
7 Statistical inference 267
Confirming Models 268
Parameters and Statistics 268
Estimation 268
Point Estimation 269
Interval Estimation and the Confidence interval 274
Inference: Tests of Significance 274
Estimation and Inference Problems 288
Estimation for and Inference About a Population Proportion p 292
Estimation for and Inference About a Population Mean μ 302
Estimation of and Inference About the Difference in Population Proportions (p1 - p2) 321
Estimation of and Inference About the Difference in Population Means (μ1 - μ2) 325
Making an Inference Using Categorical Data 351
Quick Quiz 376
Formulas for AP Statistics 378
Tables for AP Statistics 382
Test Your Understanding 386
Chapter 7 Review Questions 387
Chapter 7 Answers and Explanations 390
Summary 395
Part VI Practice Test 2 397
Practice Test 2 401
Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations 437
Part VII Additional Practice Tests Online
Practice Test 3 Online
Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations Online
Practice Test 4 Online
Practice Test 4: Answers and Explanations Online