STM and AFM Studies on (Bio)molecular Systems: Unravelling the Nanoworld

The invention of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in 1981 [1] and later atomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)in1986[2]facilitatedbreakthroughsinvarious disciplinesofsciencesuchaschemistry,physicsandbiology,andtrulyboosted the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. These two techniques made it possible to achieve a detailed understa- ing of chemical and biological systems as well as phenomena across multiple lengthscales, and in particular downto thesub-nanometer scale. In fact STM and AFM a...