The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology

The Arctic region has long held a fascination for explorers and scientists of many countries. Despite the numerous voyages of exploration, the na­ ture of the central Arctic was unknown only 90 years ago; it was believed to be a shallow sea dotted with islands. During Nansen's historic voyage on the polarship Fram, which commenced in 1893, the great depth of the central basin was discovered. In the Soviet Union, investigation of the Arctic Ocean became national policy after 1917. Today rese...