Arduino Cookbook: Recipes to Begin, Expand, and Enhance Your Projects

by Michael Margolis, Brian Jepson, Nicholas Weldin

Overview

Want to create devices that interact with the physical world? This cookbook is perfect for anyone who wants to experiment with the popular Arduino microcontroller and programming environment. You’ll find more than 200 tips and techniques for building a variety of objects and prototypes such as IoT solutions, environmental monitors, location and position-aware systems, and products that can respond to touch, sound, heat, and light.

Updated for the Arduino 1.8 release, the recipes in this third edition include practical examples and guidance to help you begin, expand, and enhance your projects right away—whether you’re an engineer, designer, artist, student, or hobbyist.

• Get up to speed on the Arduino board and essential software concepts quickly
• Learn basic techniques for reading digital and analog signals
• Use Arduino with a variety of popular input devices and sensors
• Drive visual displays, generate sound, and control several types of motors
• Connect Arduino to wired and wireless networks
• Learn techniques for handling time delays and time measurement
• Apply advanced coding and memory-handling techniques

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781491903520
Publisher:	O'Reilly Media, Incorporated
Publication date:	05/05/2020
Pages:	795
Product dimensions:	6.90(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.70(d)

About the Author

Michael Margolis is a technologist in the field of real time computing with expertise in developing and delivering hardware and software for interacting with the environment. He has more than 30 years of experience at senior levels with Sony, Microsoft, and Lucent/Bell Labs. He has written libraries and core software that are part of the official Arduino 1.0 distribution.

Brian Jepson is a content manager at LinkedIn Learning, where he manages design and engineering courses. He is also the co-organizer of Providence Geeks, a founding member of the National Maker Faire planning and production team, and coproducer of the Providence Mini Maker Faire. He shares and spreads knowledge of electronics and digital fabrication through hands-on events and workshops, working closely with AS220, a nonprofit community arts center, and with the Rhode Island Computer Museum (both Rhode Island-based nonprofits).

Nick works at the Rix Centre based at the University of East London, looking into technology that may help people with learning difficulties to get involved in what is happening online and on the computer in front of them. He is also Senior Technologist for Tinker It! working on various technology projects, often related to Arduino, an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. Other projects include work with Paddington Arts, Oily Cart Theatre Company and Deafinitely Theatre.

Table of Contents

Preface; Who This Book Is For; How This Book Is Organized; What Was Left Out; Code Style (About the Code); Arduino Platform Release Notes; Conventions Used in This Book; Using Code Examples; Safari® Books Online; How to Contact Us; Acknowledgments; Notes on the Second Edition; Chapter 1: Getting Started; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE); 1.3 Setting Up the Arduino Board; 1.4 Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino Sketch; 1.5 Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch; 1.6 Creating and Saving a Sketch; 1.7 Using Arduino; Chapter 2: Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Structuring an Arduino Program; 2.3 Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables); 2.4 Using Floating-Point Numbers; 2.5 Working with Groups of Values; 2.6 Using Arduino String Functionality; 2.7 Using C Character Strings; 2.8 Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups; 2.9 Converting a Number to a String; 2.10 Converting a String to a Number; 2.11 Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks; 2.12 Returning More Than One Value from a Function; 2.13 Taking Actions Based on Conditions; 2.14 Repeating a Sequence of Statements; 2.15 Repeating Statements with a Counter; 2.16 Breaking Out of Loops; 2.17 Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable; 2.18 Comparing Character and Numeric Values; 2.19 Comparing Strings; 2.20 Performing Logical Comparisons; 2.21 Performing Bitwise Operations; 2.22 Combining Operations and Assignment; Chapter 3: Using Mathematical Operators; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing; 3.3 Incrementing and Decrementing Values; 3.4 Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values; 3.5 Determining the Absolute Value; 3.6 Constraining a Number to a Range of Values; 3.7 Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values; 3.8 Raising a Number to a Power; 3.9 Taking the Square Root; 3.10 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down; 3.11 Using Trigonometric Functions; 3.12 Generating Random Numbers; 3.13 Setting and Reading Bits; 3.14 Shifting Bits; 3.15 Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long; 3.16 Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes; Chapter 4: Serial Communications; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer; 4.3 Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino; 4.4 Receiving Serial Data in Arduino; 4.5 Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message; 4.6 Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino; 4.7 Sending Binary Data from Arduino; 4.8 Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer; 4.9 Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino; 4.10 Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins; 4.11 How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac; 4.12 Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino; 4.13 Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer; 4.14 Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time; 4.15 Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time; 4.16 Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data; Chapter 5: Simple Digital and Analog Input; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Using a Switch; 5.3 Using a Switch Without External Resistors; 5.4 Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch; 5.5 Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed; 5.6 Reading a Keypad; 5.7 Reading Analog Values; 5.8 Changing the Range of Values; 5.9 Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs; 5.10 Displaying Voltages Up to 5V; 5.11 Responding to Changes in Voltage; 5.12 Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers); Chapter 6: Getting Input from Sensors; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Detecting Movement; 6.3 Detecting Light; 6.4 Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive Infrared Detectors); 6.5 Measuring Distance; 6.6 Measuring Distance Accurately; 6.7 Detecting Vibration; 6.8 Detecting Sound; 6.9 Measuring Temperature; 6.10 Reading RFID Tags; 6.11 Tracking Rotary Movement; 6.12 Tracking the Movement of More Than One Rotary Encoder; 6.13 Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch; 6.14 Using a Mouse; 6.15 Getting Location from a GPS; 6.16 Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope; 6.17 Detecting Direction; 6.18 Getting Input from a Game Control Pad (PlayStation); 6.19 Reading Acceleration; Chapter 7: Visual Output; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Connecting and Using LEDs; 7.3 Adjusting the Brightness of an LED; 7.4 Driving High-Power LEDs; 7.5 Adjusting the Color of an LED; 7.6 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph; 7.7 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence (Knight Rider); 7.8 Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing; 7.9 Displaying Images on an LED Matrix; 7.10 Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing; 7.11 Driving a 7-Segment LED Display; 7.12 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing; 7.13 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays Using MAX7221 Shift Registers; 7.14 Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers; 7.15 Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips (TLC5940); 7.16 Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display; Chapter 8: Physical Output; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Controlling the Position of a Servo; 8.3 Controlling One or Two Servos with a Potentiometer or Sensor; 8.4 Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos; 8.5 Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands; 8.6 Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller); 8.7 Controlling Solenoids and Relays; 8.8 Making an Object Vibrate; 8.9 Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor; 8.10 Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge; 8.11 Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge; 8.12 Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors (L293 H-Bridge); 8.13 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor; 8.14 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board); 8.15 Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor (ULN2003A); Chapter 9: Audio Output; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Playing Tones; 9.3 Playing a Simple Melody; 9.4 Generating More Than One Simultaneous Tone; 9.5 Generating Audio Tones and Fading an LED; 9.6 Playing a WAV File; 9.7 Controlling MIDI; 9.8 Making an Audio Synthesizer; Chapter 10: Remotely Controlling External Devices; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Responding to an Infrared Remote Control; 10.3 Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals; 10.4 Imitating Remote Control Signals; 10.5 Controlling a Digital Camera; 10.6 Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch; Chapter 11: Using Displays; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display; 11.3 Formatting Text; 11.4 Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off; 11.5 Scrolling Text; 11.6 Displaying Special Symbols; 11.7 Creating Custom Characters; 11.8 Displaying Symbols Larger Than a Single Character; 11.9 Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a Single Character; 11.10 Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD Display; 11.11 Creating Bitmaps for Use with a Graphical Display; 11.12 Displaying Text on a TV; Chapter 12: Using Time and Dates; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Creating Delays; 12.3 Using millis to Determine Duration; 12.4 More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse; 12.5 Using Arduino as a Clock; 12.6 Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function; 12.7 Using a Real-Time Clock; Chapter 13: Communicating Using I2C and SPI; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 Controlling an RGB LED Using the BlinkM Module; 13.3 Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer; 13.4 Interfacing to an External Real-Time Clock; 13.5 Adding External EEPROM Memory; 13.6 Reading Temperature with a Digital Thermometer; 13.7 Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using Only Two Wires; 13.8 Integrating an I2C Port Expander; 13.9 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment Displays Using SPI; 13.10 Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards; Chapter 14: Wireless Communication; 14.1 Introduction; 14.2 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules; 14.3 Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network; 14.4 Sending a Message to a Particular XBee; 14.5 Sending Sensor Data Between XBees; 14.6 Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee; 14.7 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Transceivers; 14.8 Communicating with Bluetooth Devices; Chapter 15: Ethernet and Networking; 15.1 Introduction; 15.2 Setting Up the Ethernet Shield; 15.3 Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically; 15.4 Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses (DNS); 15.5 Requesting Data from a Web Server; 15.6 Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML; 15.7 Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server; 15.8 Handling Incoming Web Requests; 15.9 Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages; 15.10 Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses; 15.11 Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST); 15.12 Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data; 15.13 Sending Twitter Messages; 15.14 Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP); 15.15 Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server; 15.16 Monitoring Pachube Feeds; 15.17 Sending Information to Pachube; Chapter 16: Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries; 16.1 Introduction; 16.2 Using the Built-in Libraries; 16.3 Installing Third-Party Libraries; 16.4 Modifying a Library; 16.5 Creating Your Own Library; 16.6 Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries; 16.7 Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0; Chapter 17: Advanced Coding and Memory Handling; 17.1 Introduction; 17.2 Understanding the Arduino Build Process; 17.3 Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM; 17.4 Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory; 17.5 Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory; 17.6 Using #define and const Instead of Integers; 17.7 Using Conditional Compilations; Chapter 18: Using the Controller Chip Hardware; 18.1 Introduction; 18.2 Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory; 18.3 Using Hardware Interrupts; 18.4 Setting Timer Duration; 18.5 Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration; 18.6 Creating a Pulse Generator; 18.7 Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency; 18.8 Counting Pulses; 18.9 Measuring Pulses More Accurately; 18.10 Measuring Analog Values Quickly; 18.11 Reducing Battery Drain; 18.12 Setting Digital Pins Quickly; 18.13 Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer; 18.14 Replacing the Arduino Bootloader; 18.15 Reprogram the Uno to Emulate a Native USB device; Electronic Components; Capacitor; Diode; Integrated Circuit; Keypad; LED; Motor (DC); Optocoupler; Photocell (Photoresistor); Piezo; Pot (Potentiometer); Relay; Resistor; Solenoid; Speaker; Stepper Motor; Switch; Transistor; See Also; Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets; How to Read a Data Sheet; Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching; Building and Connecting the Circuit; Using a Breadboard; Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries; Using Capacitors for Decoupling; Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads; Working with AC Line Voltages; Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems; Code That Won’t Compile; Code That Compiles but Does Not Work as Expected; Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems; Still Stuck?; Digital and Analog Pins; ASCII and Extended Character Sets; Migrating to Arduino 1.0; Migrating Print Statements; Migrating Wire (I2C) Statements; Migrating Ethernet Statements; Migrating Libraries; New Stream Parsing Functions; Colophon;