Experts and Politicians: Reform Challenges to Machine Politics in New York, Cleveland, and Chicago

During the Progressive Era, reform candidates in New York, Cleveland, and Chicago challenged the status quo—with strikingly different results: brief triumph in New York, sustained success in Cleveland, and utter failure in Chicago. Kenneth Finegold seeks to explain this phenomenon by analyzing the support for reform in these cities, especially the role of an emerging class of urban policy professionals in each campaign. His work offers a new way of looking at urban reform opposition to mach...