Beyond Frozen Conflict: Scenarios for the Separatist Disputes of Eastern Europe

The five unresolved separatist conflicts of the post-Soviet space in Eastern Europe are a risk to Europe’s stability and security. Four of these – Abkhazia; South 'ssetia; Transnistria; and Nagorny Karabakh all date back to the collapse of the Soviet Union around 1991-92 and have become known as frozen conflicts. The fifth is Ukraine’s Donbas, which saw large parts of its Donetsk and Luhansk regions split violently from Kyiv in 2014, at a cost of 13,000 human lives so far, mainly due to Rus...